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The Life of Emile Zola (1937) dir. William Dieterle

We first meet Emile Zola (Paul Muni) when he is a penniless writer sharing a freezing garret with his friend, starving artist Paul Cezanne (Vladimir Sokoloff). They favor the "realist" schools of their respective crafts, which is not only unpopular with the buying public, but in Zola's case often gets him in trouble with the government censors. It's not that the censors want Zola not to write "the truth" as that he is big on uncomfortable truths that are either vulgar or show the French government in a bad light. Zola's mother and his fiancee Alexandrine (Gloria Holden) show up to rescue Emile from freezing with word he's managed to land a job at the Hachette publishing house.

It's honest work, but Emile is just scraping by. He manages to get a novel, The Confession of Claude written, but its rather explicit text upsets the censors. Even though it wasn't published by Hachette Publishing, the censors tell M. Hachette they hold him responsible for this filth because Zola is his employee. Zola refuses to restrain himself from further outrages, so Hachette discharges him.

Emile makes a few francs now and then by writing a lot of muckraking newspaper articles about the abysmal conditions the poor endure in Paris. During one of his relatively flush periods, he runs into a woman of the streets who has a particularly interesting life story. Zola fictionalizes her as "Nana" (Erin O'Brien-Moore) and this book, while of course one can't be seen reading it in public, becomes his first bestseller.

Now that the public knows Zola can write, they're ready for more of his "realism" and he has a string of successful books, to the point where the government censors just kind of give up. In the middle of this is the Franco-Prussian War, which goes very badly for the French. Zola is able to get juicy inside information on the incompetence of the General Staff of the French Army and writes a book about it. This earns him the ire of those same officers but there's little they can do as he's written the truth.

Cezanne comes to visit his old friend, and is appalled to see Zola fat and lazy, and obsessed with material objects, like a petit bourgeosis. The artist feels that Emile has abandoned his former dedication to truth above all else, and Zola admits he feels that he's done his part and should be allowed to enjoy life. Cezanne breaks contact (this is before, in real life, the painter inherited a small fortune from his father and developed the Impressionist style that made him famous.)

But trouble is brewing elsewhere. The French military turns out to have a spy in it that's been selling secrets to the Germans. The audience knows from the beginning that the traitor is Major Walzin-Esterhazy (Robert Barrat), but when the General Staff are looking at their roster, they notice that Captain Alfred Dreyfus (Joseph Schildkraut) is a Jew. Therefore, he must be the spy! Dreyfus is railroaded based on flimsy (and later forged) evidence, much to the dismay of his wife Lucie Dreyfus (Ga;e Sondergaard). Despite all the efforts of her and Alfred's friends, he's convicted and sent to Devil's Island.

When honest officer Colonel Piquart (Henry O'Neill) discovers evidence that Esterhazy is the true culprit, his superiors inform him that they cannot afford to admit a mistake--it would ruin the reputation of the General Staff and bring about distrust of the government. He's ordered to keep quiet and shipped off to a remote post.

However Madame Dreyfus has kept her ear to the ground and learns of what went down. She goes to Emile Zola for help, and though he is initially reluctant to get involved, the full monstrosity of what's been happening ignites his righteous fury. After conducting more research, Zola prints his famous editorial, J'accuse on the front page of a newspaper. There is a great sensation, and the General Staff sues Emile for libel. The judge is obviously in the pocket of the military, and will not allow evidence on the Dreyfus Affair to be entered into the record, even though it's key to the defense's case. Plus, of course, the military witnesses except Piquart are lying their asses off.

Will justice prevail?

This classic biographical movie won the Best Picture Oscar for the year of 1937. It's certainly got points of strong interest, and Paul Muni is stellar as Zola. Schildkraut and Sondergaard, normally typecast as villains, also have excellent performances. There are stirring themes of truth, justice and striving against a corrupt system.

On the other hand, this is a very talky movie and runs slow in some long scenes--there's a fair amount of people declaiming at each other rather than actual conversations.

And of course, Hollywood history changes some events around and simplifies them for easier understanding. The most infamous bit of this is that while we see the word "Jew" in the roster and it's clear that this is the trigger for Dreyfus being suspected, it's never said aloud, and there's no spoken mention of the anti-Semitism that was a huge part of the injustice being done, and was called out by Zola in his famous editorial and at the trial. Part of this, of course, was avoiding being too "political" at a time when the Nazi Party of Germany still had a lot of friends in the United States. How deliberate this was is up for debate.

Content note: Suicide, off screen. It's heavily implied "Nana" is a prostitute, and that Zola's novels contain a lot of naughty words. Anti-semitism, however downplayed. Given the slow, talky nature of the movie, it's unlikely any children who'd be upset are going to be watching for long.

While this is certainly an important movie in film history, it's a bit of a snoozer, so is most recommended to the serious film student and history buffs.